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In general the more surface area the larger bacterial population the tank will contain (can sustain)..
Both rock and sand VASTLY increase the amount of surface area.. (like feet with glass only to acres with sand/rock)
In general the more surface area is usually better..
There is no set or guaranteed/proven minimum though..
And yes there are other ways to have a successful system but a substantial bacterial colony helps immensely
And yes there are artificial ways to increase surface area too..
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